Current-year income vs ACA cliff — know exactly how much Roth conversion room you have
MAGI = wages + IRA/401k distributions + Roth conversions + realized capital gains + taxable dividends + 85% of Social Security + tax-exempt muni interest.
ACA cliff = the income level above which you lose all Premium Tax Credits (~$15k–$28k/yr). Going $1 over costs you everything — stay below it from 2028–2051 (pre-Medicare).